Chapter-2 Basic Fire Alarm Systems

Fire Alarm system မ်ားသည္ မီးမေလာင္ေစရန္၊ လူမ်ားအသက္အႏၱာရယ္ မဆံုး႐ံႈးေစရန္ႏွင့္ ပစၥည္းဥစၥာ မဆံုး႐ံႈးေစရန္ ကာကြယ္ေပးသည္။ မီးစတင္ေလာင္ကၽြမ္းမႈကို ႀကိဳတင္သိႏို္င္ျခင္း(fire detection)၊ ေဘးကင္းရာသို႔ လြတ္ေျမာက္ရန္အတြက္ ႀကိဳတင္အသိေပးႏိုင္ျခင္း (early warning for evacuation)၊ ကယ္ဆယ္ေရးအဖြဲ႔ႏွင့္ မီးသတ္ဌာနသို႔ အလိုအေလ်ာက္အေၾကာင္းၾကား ေပးျခင္း(emergency response team and public fire department notification) စသည့္ လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားကို ေဆာင္ရြက္ေပးႏိုင္သည္။

fire alarm system ၏ ေဆာင္ရြက္ခ်က္မ်ား (functions) ႏွင့္ National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code ကုိ နားလည္ သေဘာေပါက္ေအာင္ ေလ့လာသင့္သည္။

Fire Alarm System Components

႐ႈပ္ေထြးခက္ခဲသည့္ fire alarm system မ်ားကုိ ဒီဇုိင္းဆဲြ၍ တပ္ဆင္ထားႏိုင္ေသာ္လည္း ထိန္းသိမ္းမႈမ်ား၊ ျပဳျပင္မႈမ်ား ျပဳလုပ္ရန္ ခက္ခဲသည္။ Fire alarm system မ်ား၏ ဒီဇုိင္းလုပ္သည့္အခါ အေလးထားရမည့္ အဓိက အခ်က္မွာ တတ္ႏုိင္သမ်ွ ႐ိုးရွင္းစြာ ဒီဇုိင္းလုပ္ ရန္ျဖစ္သည္။ fire alarm system တစ္ခုသည္ တပ္ဆင္ထားသည့္ သက္တမ္း တစ္ေလ်ွာက္လုံးတြင္ ယုံၾကည္စိတ္ခ်စြာ အလုပ္လုပ္ေနေစရမည္။ operation of the fire alarm system components ႏွင့္ Fire alarm system ပါဝင္သည့္ အစိတ္အပုိင္းမ်ား တစ္ခုခ်င္းစီ၏ အလုပ္လုပ္ပုံ ႏွင့္ တပ္ဆင္ရန္ အတြက္ အေျခခံလုိအပ္ခ်က္မ်ားကို အေသးစိတ္ နားလည္သေဘာေပါက္ရန္ လုိသည္။

တည္ေဆာက္ထားသည့္ equipment မ်ား၊ တပ္ဆင္မႈမ်ား အားလုံးသည္ National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code ႏွင့္ ကုိက္ညီရမည္။ System component မ်ားကုိ code မ်ား အတုိင္း တပ္ဆင္ျခင္း၊ စမ္းသပ္ျခင္း ႏွင့္ ထုတ္လုပ္သူမ်ား၏ ညြန္ၾကားခ်က္မ်ားအတုိင္း ျပဳျပင္ထိန္းသိမ္းျခင္းတုိ႔ ျပဳလုပ္ရမည္။  All devices that receive their power from the initiating device circuit or signaling line circuit of a control unit shall be listed for use with the control unit.

Fire alarm system တြင္ ပါဝင္သည့္ device မ်ား အားလုံးအတြက္ လုိအပ္သည့္ လ်ွပ္စစ္ဓာတ္အား(power supply) ကုိ

Fire alarm system တစ္ခုတြင္ ပါရိွရမည့္ အေျခခံအစိတ္အပုိင္း(basic compoment) မ်ားကုိ ေအာက္တြင္ ေဖာ္ျပထားသည္။

Basic components of a fire alarm system

(၁) Alarm Initiation Devices
	· Manual Fire Alarm Boxes · Waterflow Initiating Devices · Heat Detectors · Smoke Detectors · Radiant Energy Sensing Fire Detectors Other Fire Detectors
(၂) Notification Appliances Bells
	· Horns · Speakers · Sirens · Strobes · Combination units
(၃) Fire Alarm Control Units
	· System Operating Configuration · Conventional fire alarm systems · Addressable fire alarm systems · Analog-addressable fire alarm systems
(၄) Remote On-Site Annunciation
	· Point Lighted · Alphanumeric · Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD’s) Graphic
(၅) Batteries
	· Standby Power

Alarm Initiating Devices (Alarm ထြက္ေပၚေစမည့္ ကိရိယာမ်ား)

Manual Fire Alarm Boxes

Manual fire alarm box မ်ားကုိ ပိတ္ဆုိ႔ထားျခင္းမရွိသည့္ ေနရာမ်ား၊ အလြယ္တကူ လက္လွမ္းမီွသည့္ ေနရာမ်ား(unobstructed)  (readily accessible locations)တြင္ အထပ္တုိင္း၌ အနည္းဆုံး တစ္ခု တပ္ဆင္ ထားရမည္။ မည္သည့္ ေနရာမွမဆုိ Manual fire alarm box ဆီသုိ႔ သြားေရာက္ရန္ ေပ(၂၀၀)ထက္ ပုိမေဝးေစရ။ each manual fire alarm box ၏ အလုပ္လုပ္သည့္ေနရာသည္/ အစိတ္အပိုင္းသည္ 42 in. (1.07 m) ထက္ပုိ မနည္းေစရ။ 48 in (1.22 m) ထက္ ပုိမမ်ားေစရ။ floor level အျမင့္ထက္ အလုပ္လုပ္သည့္ ေနရာသည္/ အစိတ္ အပုိင္းသည္ တပ္ဆင္ရမည့္ေနရာမ်ားမွ (box location) လြတ္ေျမာက္ရာလမ္းေၾကာင္း(normal exit path)တြင္ တည္ရိွရမည္။ တပ္ဆင္ရမည့္ေနရာ၏ မ်က္ႏွာျပင္အေရာင္သည္ contrasting color ျဖစ္ရမည္။

Types of Manual Fire Alarm Boxes (Stations)

   အမ်ိဳးအစားမ်ားမွာ

(၁) Non-coded
	(a)        Contains a normally open or closed switch that is housed within a distinctive enclosure. Once actuated, the box must be reset to restore the unit to normal.
	(b)        Contact and circuit arrangements may very to provide a number of functions simultaneously.
(၂) Coded
	(a)        Contains a mechanically or electri- cally driven motor, or an electronic pulse generator. When activated, the motor turns a code wheel causing contacts to momentarily open or close or the pulse generator operates to reproduce the code of the box. The box is required to repeat its code a minimum of three times.
	(b)        Contact and circuit arrangements many very to provide a number of functions simultaneously.
(၃) Breakglass
	Alarm ထြက္ေပၚေစရန္ (initiate an alarm) one must first break glass or some other element. The purpose is to identify which box was operated and to discourage tamper ing with the box when there is no fire to report.
(၄) Non-Breakglass
	manual fire alarm box အမ်ိဳးအစားျဖစ္သည္။( breakglass) မပါရိွသည့္
(၅) Single Action
	A single action of breaking a glass or other frangible element or pulling a leaver or other movable part initiates an alarm.
(၆) Double Action Alarm စတင္ထြက္ေပၚလာရန္အတြက္ action (၂)မိ်ဳး လုိအပ္သည္။ တံခါးပြင့္ရန္အတြက္
	(break a glass to open a door)  (lift a cover မွန္ကုိခဲြရန္ သုိ႔မဟုတ္ ေသာ့ရရန္အတြက္ အဖုံးကုိမတင္ ရန္ to gain access to a switch) (lever to initiate an alarm.) Alarm ျဖစ္ေပၚေစရန္အတြက္ လီဗာကုိ မတင္ရန္
Breakglass Fire Alarm Box

NFPA 72 -2010, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code မွ Chapter 17 တြင္ manual fire alarm boxes မ်ားကုိ မည့္သည့္ေနရာတြင္ မည္ကဲ့သုိ႔ တပ္ဆင္ထားရမည္ကုိ ေဖာ္ျပထားသည္။

ေရြးခ်ယ္ထားသည့္ manual fire alarm box  အမ်ိဳးအစားေပၚတြင္ မူတည္၍ ရရိွႏုိင္သည့္ feature မ်ား ကဲြျပားသည္။

Manual fire alarm box မ်ားကုိ ေအာက္ပါ system မ်ားတြင္ အသုံးျပဳၾကသည္။

General Alarm

Activated ျဖစ္သည့္အခါ fire alarm evacua tion signals sound သည္ အေဆာက္အဦတစ္ခုလုံးအတြင္း၌ခ်က္ခ်င္း ထြက္ေပၚလာသည္။

Pre-signal

Initial fire alarm signals အသံသည္ သတ္မွတ္ထားသည့္ေနရာ အခ်ိဳ႕(designated areas)တြင္သာ ထြက္ေပၚလာသည္။  subsequent actuation of a key switch on the box (or control panel) causes an evacuation signal to sound throughout the premises.

Waterflow-Actuated Fire Alarm

Initiating Devices

fire alarm system သည္ operation of the automatic sprinkler system ႏွင့္  other fire extinguishing and suppression systems တိ္ု႔ကုိ ေစာင္ၾကည့္(monitor)သည္ means of listed fire alarm initiating devices မ်ား အျဖစ္သတ္မွတ္ၿပီး automatic sprinkler system အလုပ္လုပ္သည့္အခါ (operates) waterflow-actuated fire alarm initiating device သည္ fire alarm signal ထုတ္ေပးသည္။ တစ္နည္းအားျဖင့္ Waterflow-Actuated Fire Alarm device ကုိ Initiating device အျဖစ္အသုံးျပဳ၍ fire alarm signal ထုတ္ေပးျခင္း ျဖစ္သည္။

fire alarm system မ်ားသည္ extinguishing or supression systems မ်ားကုိ monitor လုပ္ရသည္။ (supervisory initiating devices မွတစ္္ဆင့္) If someone closes a sprinkler system control valve or otherwise impairs the protective system, the supervisory initiating device will cause the fire alarm system control unit to indicate a “supervisory off-nor-mal condition.” When the valve is reopened or the other impairment is cleared, the supervisory initiating device will cause the fire alarm system control unit to indicate a “supervisory restora-tion to normal signal.”

waterflow alarm ႏွင့္ supervisory ini-tiating device တုိ႔ကုိ သီးသန္႔ခဲြျခား၍ monitor လုပ္ရသည္။ Generally with conventional hard-wiring systems this requires a separate zone for waterflow alarm and one for supervisory initiating devices with the supervisory device being a “normally-open” device.

အေျခခံ (four basic types of automatic sprinkler systems) ေလးမ်ိဳးကုိ ေဖာ္ျပထားသည္။ alarm system ႏွင့္ ခ်ိတ္ဆက္ (connect) ထားသည္။

(၁)	Wet Pipe	(၃)	Pre-Action
(၂)	Dry Pipe	(၄)	Deluge

vane flow switch ကုိ wet pipe system တြင္အသုံးျပဳထားသည့္အခါ  pressure flow switch ကုိ တပ္ဆင္ထားရန္ လုိအပ္သည္။ supervision of dry pipe, pre-action and deluge systems တြင္

Automatic Fire Detectors ေလာင္ကၽြမ္းေနသည့္ မီးေတာက္မ်ားမွ

Heat ၊ smoke ႏွင့္ radiant energy တုိ႔ျဖစ္ေပၚသည္။ Fire alarm system ဒီဇိုိ္င္းနာမ်ားသည္ မီးမွ ထြက္ေပၚလာသည့္ အပူကို detect လုပ္၍ heat detector မ်ားကုိ အသုံးျပဳသည္။ Smoke မီးမွထြက္ေပၚလာသည့္ အပူကုိ radiant energy detect လုပ္၍ heat detector မ်ားကုိ အသုံးျပဳသည္။ Chapter 17 of the National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code တြင္ ေရြးခ်ယ္ရန္အတြက္(selection of detectors) အေသးစိတ္ အခ်က္အလက္မ်ား သာမက (rules for the spacing and installation of these devices )တပ္ဆင္ရမည့္ နည္းလမ္းစည္းကမ္းမ်ားႏွင့္ တပ္ဆင္ရမည့္ေနရာ အကြာအေဝးႏွင့္ သက္ဆုိင္သည့္ စည္းကမ္းမ်ားကုိ ေဖာ္ျပထားသည္။

Automatic fire detectors may have a defined linear spacing that is assigned through testing by a nationally recognized testing laboratory (spot-type detector), or protect an area along the entire length of a detector (line-type detector).

Heat Detectors

Heat detector မ်ားသည္ မီးေတာက္မွထြက္လာသည့္အပူကုိ detect လုပ္သည့္ကိရိယာျဖစ္သည္။ ေယဘုယ်အားျဖင့္   မ်က္ႏွာၾကက္ သို႔မဟုတ္ မ်က္ႏွာၾကက္နားတြင္ တပ္ဆင္ထားေလ့ရိွသည္။ Heat detector မ်ားသည္ သတ္မွတ္ထားသည့္ အပူခ်ိန္ သုိ႔မဟုတ္ ကြဲျပားသည့္ heat detector အမ်ိဳးအစားမ်ားကုိ သိနားလည္ၿပီး။ အလုပ္လုပ္ပုံကုိ ေလ့လာသင့္သည္။ (predetermined fixed temperature or a specified rate of tem-perature rise occurs) ပုံမွန္စစ္ေဆးမႈ(periodic tests) မ်ား ျပဳလုပ္သင့္သည္။

(heat detector မ်ားအားလုံးကုိ) စစ္ေဆးမႈမ်ား ျပဳလုပ္ရန္အတြက္ တပ္ဆင္ထားသည့္ heat detector မ်ားသည္ မည္သည့္ အမ်ိဳးအစားျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း သိရမည္။ which types of heat detectors are installed so that tests can be made on all restorable heat detectors, but not on the fusible elements of non-restorable detectors.Restorable detector မ်ားကုိ အမ်ိဳးအစားတူညီသည့္ အပူျဖင့္သာ test လုပ္ရမည္။ Non restorable detector မ်ားကို အပူျဖင့္ test မလုပ္ရ၊ Mech နည္း  Ele နည္းျဖင့္သာ test လုပ္ရမည္။

Fixed-Temperature Heat Detectors

(predetermined fixed temperature) Fixed-Temperature Heat Detectors မ်ားသည္ ႀကိဳတင္ သတ္မွတ္ထားသည့္ အပူခ်ိန္ကုိ detecting element ရသည့္အခါ alarm ထုတ္ေပးသည္။ အပူမ်ားသည္ တစ္ေနရာမွ တျခားတစ္ေနရာသို႔ ေရာက္ရိွရန္ အခ်ိန္ၾကာ ျမင့္တတ္သည့္သေဘာ (thermal lag) ရိွတတ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ alarm ထုတ္ေပးသည့္ အခ်ိန္တြင္ အမွန္တကယ္ ျဖစ္ေပၚေနသည့္အပူခ်ိန္သည္ setpoint ထက္ ပုိျမင့္မားေနသည္။

Spot-type fixed temperature detector မ်ားတြင္ fusible element ပါဝင္သည္။  (eutectic metal alloy ျဖင့္ျပဳလုပ္ ထားသည့္)။ ထုိသတၲဳသည္ ႀကိဳတင္သတ္မွတ္ထားသည့္ အပူခ်ိန္(predetermined temperature)တြင္ အရည္ေပ်ာ္သြားက alarm ထုတ္ေပးသည္။ မ်ားေသာအားျဖင့္ အပူခ်ိန္ 135°F တြင္  အရည္ေပ်ာ္သြားက alarm ထုတ္ေပးသည္။ Automatic sprinklers fire dampers ႏွင့္ door fusible links မ်ားတြင္ အရည္ေပ်ာ္ႏုိင္သည့္ အမ်ိဳးတူသည့္ သတၳဳမ်ားကုိ အသုံးျပဳထားသည္။ Alarm ျဖစ္ေပၚသည့္ အခ်ိန္တြင္ fuse မွာ ပ်က္စီးေနၿပီျဖစ္ ေသာေၾကာင့္ ျပန္လည္တပ္ဆင္ထားရန္ လုိအပ္သည္။

တခ်ိဳ႕ေသာ spot-type fixed-temperature heat detector မ်ားတြင္ bimetallic element ကုိ အသုံးျပဳထားသည္။ သတၳဳႏွစ္မ်ိဳးစပ္ထားသည့္ bimetallic အမ်ိဳးအစားမ်ားသည္ fuse မ်ားကဲ့သို႔ ပ်က္စီးျခင္း မျဖစ္ေပၚေပ။ အခန္းအပူခ်ိန္သည္ သတ္မွတ္ထားသည့္ အပူခ်ိန္ထက္ နိမ့္ဆင္း သြားသည့္အခါ အလုိအေလ်ာက္ ပုံမွန္ အတုိင္းျဖစ္သြားသည္။

ပံု Combination Rate-of-Rise/Fixed-Temperature Heat Detector

ပံု Ionization Smoke Detector

(၂) Rate-of-Rise-Compensated Fixed Temperature Detector: မ်ားတြင္ အဆင့္ (၂)ဆင့္ ပါဝင္ သည္။ predetectminded  Level ႏွင့္ operating point တုိ႔ျဖစ္သည္။ တျဖည္းျဖည္းခ်င္းသာ ေတာက္ေလာင္တတ္သည့္ မီးေလာင္သည့္အခါ (rapidly developing fire) RRCFTD မ်ားသည္ အခန္းအပူခ်ိန္သည္ ႀကိဳတင္ သတ္မွတ္ ထားသည့္ အပူခ်ိန္(predetermined temperature)သုိ႔ ေရာက္သည့္အခါ Alarm ထုတ္ေပးသည္။ လ်င္ျမန္စြာ ေတာက္ေလာင္သည့္မီး မပူခ်ိန္လ်င္ျမန္စြာ ျမင့္တက္လာျခင္းေၾကာင့္ operating point သို႔ေရာက္ရိွသည္။ ဤ အမ်ိဳးအစား fixed temperature detector မ်ားတြင္ အခ်ိန္ေနာက္က်ျခင္း(thermal lag) ျဖစ္ေပၚျခင္း မရိွဟု ဆုိႏိုင္သည္။

(၃) Rate-of-Rise Detector:

rate-of-rise detector will operate when the rate of temperature increases from a fire exceeds a predetermined level, ဥပမာ- 5°F in twenty seconds or 15°F per minute ျဖစ္သည္။ Small, normal changes in ambient temperature that can be expected under non-fire conditions will not operate the detector. ဤကဲ့သုိ႔မ်ိဳး detectors မ်ား line-type သုိ႔မဟုတ္  spot-type detectors ႏွစ္မ်ိဳးလုံး ရႏုိင္သည္။ restorable  မ်ား ျဖစ္ၾကသည္။

(၄) Linear Heat Detector:

For some applications, the use of a linear heat detector is an option to consider. These may be installed in head to reach areas, or areas that are subject to high heat. The detector is contained within a cable which when exposed to heat that is greater than its rating, will short circuit, causing an alarm.

(၅) Combination Detector:

Combination Detector မ်ားတြင္ element တစ္မ်ိဳးမက ပါဝင္သည္။ (မီးကုိအာ႐ုံခံႏုိင္သည့္ တုံ႔ျပန္ႏုိင္သည့္)

combination rate-of-rise and fixed-tem¬perature heat detector, or a combination of a smoke detector and a heat detector ျဖစ္သည္။ ႏုိ

Smoke Detectors

The result of full-scale fire tests, using typi-cal fires in family living units, have shown that detectable quantities of smoke precede detectable levels of heat in nearly all cases. ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ fire alarm system designers မ်ားသည္ smoke detectors တစ္စထက္တစ္စ ပုိအသုံးျပဳလာၾကသည္။  common operating char-acteristics မ်ားမွာ  (smoke detectors မ်ား၏ ionization spot-type smoke detector photoelectric spot-type smoke detector liner beam-type smoke detector  air-sampling smoke detector duct-type smoke detector တုိ႔ျဖစ္သည္။

(က) Ionization Smoke Detector:

 Ionization smoke detector ထဲတြင္ ေရဒီယုိသတၱိႂကြပစၥည္း(radioactive material) အနည္းငယ္ ပါဝင္သည္။  sensing chamber အတြင္းရိွ ေလမ်ားထဲမွ အုိင္းယြင္း(ion)မ်ားကုိ ionization ျဖစ္ေစရန္အတြက္ thus rendering it conductive and permitting a current flow through the air between two charged electrodes မိီးခုိးမႈန္မ်ား ပါဝင္သည့္ေလ(smoke particles)  chamber အတြင္းသုိ႔ ဝင္ေရာက္သည့္အခါ attach themselves to the ionized air molecules ၿပီးေနာက္ conductivity က်ဆင္းသြားသည္။ (electrodes ႏွစ္ခုအၾကားရိွ) conductivity က်ဆင္းမႈ ကုိ electronic circuit ျဖင့္တုိင္းကာ fire alarm signal ထုတ္ေပးသည္။ (reduction in conductivity reaches a pre-set threshold သုိ႔ ေရာက္ရိွသည့္အခါ)

Photoelectric Light-Scattering Smoke Detector

Photoelectric Linear Projected Beam Smoke Detector

(ခ)Photoelectric Light-Scattering

(ဂ) Smoke Detector

photoelectric light-scattering smoke detector တြင္ light source ႏွင့္ photosensitive sensor တုိ႔ပါဝင္သည္။ light source မွထြက္လာသည့္ အလင္းတန္း(rays) photosensitive sensor ေပၚသုိ႔ မက်ေရာက္ေအာင္ ျပဳလုပ္ထားသည္။ မီးခုိးမႈန္မ်ား(Smoke particles)မ်ား light path အတြင္း ဝင္ေရာက္ လာသည့္အခါ အေရာင္ျပန္ျခင္း(reflection)ေၾကာင့္ အလင္းမ်ား ပ်ံ႕ႀကဲ(scattering)သြားသည္။ ထို႔ေနာက္ senso အေပၚသုိ႔ refraction သြားသည္။ ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ detector မွ alarm ထုတ္ေပးသည္။

(ဃ) Photoelectric Linear Projected

    (၁) Beam Smoke Detector

In a photoelectric linear projected beam smoke detector တြင္ light source ႏွင့္ photo-sensitive sensor တစ္ခုပါဝင္သည္။ arranged across a pro-tected space so that the rays from the light source normally fall on the photosensitive sensor.  smoke particles မ်ား light path ထဲသုိ႔ဝင္ေရာက္လာသည့္အခါ intensity of the light က်ဆင္းသြားေသာေၾကာင့္ fire alarm ထုတ္  (initiate) ေပးသည္။

မည္သည့္ေနရာမ်ားတြင္ ion အမ်ိဳးအစား smoke detector ကုိ အသုံးျပဳရမည္၊ မည္သည့္ေနရာတြင္ photoelectric smoke detector မ်ားကုိ အသုံးျပဳရမည္ကို ေသခ်ာစြာနားလည္ သေဘာေပါက္သင့္သည္။ system designer ႏွင့္ user အေနျဖင့္ မိမိအေဆာက္အဦ သို႔မဟုတ္ အခန္းတြင္ ေတာက္ေလာင္ႏုိင္သည့္ မီးအမ်ိဳးအစားကုိ ေသခ်ာစြာ ႀကိဳတင္ခန္႔မွန္းတတ္ရန္ လုိအပ္သည္။ သုိ႔မွသာ သင့္ေလ်ာ္မွန္ကန္သည့္ smoke detector အမ်ိဳးအစားကုိ ေရြးခ်ယ္ တပ္ဆင္ႏုိင္လိမ့္မည္။ Ionization smoke detector မ်ားသည္ မီးခုိးနည္းသည့္မီးေတာက္မ်ား၊ လ်င္ျမန္စြာ ေတာက္ေလာင္သည့္ မီးမ်ားကုိ ေကာင္းစြာသိႏုိင္သည္။ photoelectric smoke detector မ်ားသည္ မီးခုိးမ်ား အူ ထြက္ကာ ေတာက္ေလာင္ တတ္သည့္ မီးမ်ားအတြက္ အေကာင္းဆုံးျဖစ္သည္။

(၂) Air-sampling Smoke Detector:

In an air-sampling smoke detector, a system of tubing and sampling ports draws a sample of air from a protected space into a detection unit. မီးခုိးမႈန္မ်ား(smoke particles)ပါဝင္သည့္ေလမ်ား detection chamber ထဲသုိ႔ ဝင္ေရာက္လာသည့္အခါ အမႈန္မ်ား(particle)ေၾကာင့္ fire alarm signal ကို detector မွ ထုတ္ေပးသည္။

Air Duct-type Smoke Detector

(င)Air Duct-type Smoke Detector:

Detects smoke for the primary purpose of controlling the propagation of smoke through the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system (HVAC). This helps prevent possible panic and damage from distribution of smoke and gaseous prod-ucts. Air duct-type smoke detector မ်ားသည္ လည္ပတ္ေနသည့္ေလ circulation in the duct) ထဲတြင္ မီးခုိးမ်ား ပါရိွေနသည့္ အခါမွသာ detect လုပ္ႏုိင္သည္။ They sample a small amount of great volumes of air from large areas of coverage.

Air duct smoke detectors မ်ားသည္ ေအာက္ပါလုပ္ငန္းမ်ားအတြက္ မသင့္ေလ်ာ္ပါ။

(၁)	Area smoke detection (အခန္း၊ ေနရာအတြင္း၌ မီးခုိးရိွ၊ မရိွ သိႏုိင္ရန္)
(၂)	Early warning (မီးမေလာင္ခင္ ႀကိဳတင္သိႏုိင္ရန္)
(၃)	A building’s regular fire detection system (အေဆာက္အဦအတြင္း မီးေလာင္ေနျခင္းကုိ သိႏုိင္ရန္)

Heat detector မ်ားအတြက္ သတ္မွတ္ထားသည့္ အကြာအေဝး(spacing) ရိွေသာ္လည္း smoke detectors မ်ား အတြက္ သတ္မွတ္ထားသည့္ အကြာအေဝး(spacing) မရိွပါ။ manufacturer of the smoke detector မ်ားက သင့္ေလ်ာ္သည့္ အကြာအေဝး(recommended spacing)ကုိ ေဖာ္ျပေပးၾကသည္။ manufacturer မ်ားက အကြာအေဝး(spacing) မေဖာ္ျပေပးပါက National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code Chapter 17 မွ ေထာက္ခံထားသည့္ အကြာအေဝး(spacing) 30 ft. on center ကုိ အသုံးျပဳႏုိင္သည္။

 spot type heat detector မ်ားကုိ တပ္ဆင္သည့္အခါ Table 17.6.3.5.1 from NFPA 72 ကုိ မီွျငမ္းႏုိင္သည္။ တပ္ဆင္ရမည့္ အကြာအေဝးကုိ ေလ်ွာ့ခ်ရမည္။ (spot type heat detectors မ်ား၏ ceil-ing height ပိုျမင့္လာသည့္အခါ မ်က္ႏွာၾကက္သည္ (၁၀)ေပထက္ ပုိျမင့္သည့္အခါ တပ္ဆင္ရမည့္ အကြာအေဝးကုိ (spacing) စတင္ေလ်ာ့ခ်ရမည္။ Spacing ဆုံးျဖတ္ရာတြင္

မီးခုိးမ်ား အထပ္ထပ္အလႊာလုိက္ျဖစ္ေနျခင္း (stratification) ကုိ ထည့္သြင္းစဥ္းစားရန္ လုိသည္။

Typical Notification Appliances

Radiant Energy Detectors

Radiant Energy Sensing Fire Detectors: Designers မ်ားသည္ flame and spark/ember detectors မ်ားကုိ အသုံးျပဳၾကသည္။ (sophisticated detection applica-tion မ်ားအတြက္) Custom-engineered for each particular protected space, these detectors often actuate special hazard fire extinguishing of suppression systems.

Notification Appliances

NFPA 72-2010, Chapter 18 တြင္ ပါရိွသည့္ ျပဌာန္းခ်က္အရ (audible appliances) သည္အနိမ့္ဆုံး (minimum sound pressure level of 15dBA above the ambient noise level.ကုိထုတ္ေပးရမည္။

သို႔မဟုတ္ 5dBA above a maximum sound level lasting for at least 60 seconds ထုတ္ေပးရမည္။ whichever is greater. Life Safety Code – 2010 edition အျပင္ Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) လုိအပ္ခ်က္ျဖစ္သည့္ visible appliances be installed to assist in the alarm notification of the hearing impaired. Strobes မ်ားကုိ NFTA 72-2010, Chapter 4 တြင္ေဖာ္ျပထားသည့္ စည္းမ်ဥ္းစည္းကမ္းအတုိင္း တပ္ဆင္ထားရမည္။ requirements to ensure proper coverage while avoiding excessiveflash rates that may trigger a seizure with photo-sensitive epileptic prone individuals.

NFPA 72 also requires that all audible evacua¬tion signals conform to the American National Standard Evacuation Signal, ANSI S3.41. This temporal code 3 signal must be synchronized within a notification zone. temporal three code ကုိ အသုံးျပဳႏုိင္သည္။total evacuation of a building အတြက္သာ အေဆာက္အဦအတြင္းရိွ လူမ်ားအားလုံး ထြက္ခြာသြားၾကရန္ အသိေပးလုိသည့္အခါမွသာ

(၁)Bells

Bells မ်ားကုိ fire alarm signals အျဖစ္အသုံးျပဳႏုိင္သည္။where their sound is distinctive and will not be confused with similar audible signals used for other purposes. Bells မ်ားအသံမည္ေစရန္ လ်ွပ္စစ္ဓာတ္အား 12 or 24 volts DC (direct current) အသုးံျပဳထားသည္။ may be of the single-stroke or vibration type connected in parallel.

Bells မ်ား၏ အရြယ္အစားမ်ားမွာ (၄)လက္မ မွ (၁၂)လက္မ အထိ ျဖစ္သည္။ (၆)လက္မ ဘဲလ္ႏွင့္  (၁၀)လက္မ ဘဲလ္တုိ႔ကုိ အမ်ားဆုံး အသုံးျပဳၾကသည္။  Usually, bells with 4-inch gongs are reserved for use as trouble signals. ေယဘုယ်အားျဖင့္ ဘဲလ္အရြယ္အစားႀကီးေလ frequency နိမ့္ေလျဖစ္သည္။အသံပုိက်ယ္ေလ (louder the audible signal) ျဖစ္သည္။ အသံက်ယ္သည့္ပမာဏကုိ decibels [dB]) ျဖင့္ေဖာ္ျပသည္။

ေက်ာင္းတက္၊ ေက်ာင္းဆင္းေခါင္းေလာင္းသံႏွင့္ မေရာမွားႏုိင္သည့္အခါမွသာ ဘဲလ္သံကုိ မီးေလာင္ေနေၾကာင္း အခ်က္ေပးသံ(Fire alarm signal)အျဖစ္ အသုံးျပဳႏုိင္သည္။

(၂)Horns

ဟြန္း(horns) မ်ားကုိ ပုိက်ယ္ေလာင္သည့္ အသံျဖစ္ေပၚေစရန္ သို႔မဟုတ္ more distinctive signals အတြက္ အသုံးျပဳသည္။ Horn မ်ားကုိ AC လ်ွပ္စစ္ဓာတ္အား သုိ႔မဟုတ္ DC ျဖင့္ အသံမည္ေစသည္။ ဟြန္းမ်ားကုိ ၿပိဳင္ဆက္ သုိ႔မဟုတ္ တန္းဆက္ ဆက္ႏုိင္သည္။ တပ္ဆင္မည့္ ဟြန္းမ်ားႏွင့္ အသံုးျပဳထားသည့္ circuit တုိ႔ လုိ္က္ေလ်ာ ညီေထြျဖစ္ေစရန္ သတိျပဳသင့္သည္။ အသုံးမ်ားသည့္ လ်ွပ္စစ္ဓာတ္အားမွာ (in series or parallel) (electrically compatible) 12 or 24 VDC ျဖစ္သည္။

Horn မ်ားသည္ the continuous vibrating သုိ႔မဟုတ္ electronic type ျဖစ္ၾကသည္။ coded of non-coded audible alarm signals မ်ား ထုတ္ေပးႏုိင္သည္။

Surface flush semi-flush single projector double projector trumpet type စသည္ျဖင့္ အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳး ကဲြျပားသည္။ အလြန္ဆူညံသည့္ ေနရာမ်ားတြင္(noisy areas) resonating  air-powered  motor-driven horns မ်ားကုိ အသုံးျပဳႏုိင္သည္။ their inherently higher decibel output. NFPA 72 သတ္မွတ္ခ်က္အရ noti¬fication appliance မ်ားမွ ထုတ္ေပးသည့္အသံ (sound pressure)သည္ 110 dBA ထက္ ပုိမမ်ားေစရ။

(၃) Speakers

(Speakers) မ်ားကုိ တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ fire alarm signal¬ing appliances မ်ားအျဖစ္ အသုံးျပဳၾကသည္။ Since they reproduce electronic signals, they can be made to sound like any mechanical signaling device and have the capability of reproducing unique sounds that are not practical on mechanical appliances. ထို႔အျပင္ speaker မ်ား အသံသြင္းထားသည့္ (recorded voice instructions.) ညႊန္ၾကားခ်က္မ်ား၊ တုိက္႐ုိက္ေျပာဆုိ ေနသည့္ ညႊန္ၾကားခ်က္မ်ား ထုတ္ေပးသည္။ Speakers are either direct radiating cone type, or of the compression driver and horn type.ျဖစ္သည္။

Speaker မ်ားသည္ audio am-plifiers delivering standard output line levels of 70.7 or 25 volt AC rms. ထုတ္ေပးသည္။ speakers are driven by an electronic tone generator, microphone, or voice synthesizer and an electronic amplifier.

အသုံးမ်ားသည့္ speaker ႏွစ္မ်ိဳးမွာ

(၁) Integral
	that type in which the tone generator amplifier, and speaker are enclosed in a common housing.
(၂) Remote
	that type in which the speaker is energized from a remotely located tone generator, microphone and/or voice synthesizer and amplifier.

(၄)Sirens

Siren မ်ားကုိ outdoor applications မ်ား အတြက္သာ အသုံးျပဳသည္။ extremely noisy indoor areas မ်ားတြင္ အသုံးျပဳသည္။ Sirens are motor-driven or electronic appliances and may be either alternating or direct current operated. Siren မ်ားကုိ coded audible signals မ်ားအတြက္ သုံးရန္ မျဖစ္ႏုိင္ေပ။

(၅) Strobes

Strobe ဆုိသည္မွာ လ်ွပ္စိီးလက္သကဲ့သုိ႔ အလင္းေရာင္ကုိ ထုတ္ေပးသည့္ မီးလုံးျဖစ္သည္။

Strobe lights operate on the energy discharge principle to produce a high intensity flash of short duration. အလြန္အားျပင္းသည့္ မီးေရာင္ထုတ္ေပးသည္။ These lights are very efficient. The short bright flash is not only attention getting but is effective when general visibility is low. light intensities အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳး ထုတ္ေပးသည့္ Strobe မ်ား ဝယ္ယူရရိွႏုိင္သည္။ operating voltages ထြက္သည့္ အလင္း အႀကိမ္အေရ အတြက္သည္ တစ္စကၠန္႔လ်ွင္ ႏွစ္ႀကိမ္ထက္ပုိမမ်ားေစရ။ (Repeti¬tion rates are not allowed to exceed two flashes per second)  (less the one flash every second) throughout the listed voltage range of the appliance တစ္စကၠန္႔လ်ွင္ တစ္ႀကိမ္ထက္ ပိုမနည္းေစရ။ အသံႏွင့္ အလင္းႏွစ္မ်ိဳး ထုတ္ေပးႏုိင္သည့္ ကိရိယာမ်ားကုိ လည္း အသုံးျပဳႏုိင္သည္။ (တစ္ၿပိဳင္နက္)

Combination units

အသံထြက္သည့္ ကိရိယာမ်ားမွာ - horn, bell, or speaker တုိ႔ ျဖစ္သည္။ The light is required to be a strobe with specific characteristics as described in Chapter 18 of the 2010 National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code. Advantages of the combined signals are: (ႏွစ္မ်ိဳးလုံးထြက္သည့္ ကိရိယာမ်ား၏ အားသာခ်က္မ်ားမွာ)

(၁)	The visible signal localizes the particular audible alarm appliance that is operating.
(၂)	The visible signal produces a recognizable alarm when an ambient noise level may affect the အသံအလြန္ဆူညံေနသည့္အခါ (audible signal.) ကုိ မၾကားႏုိင္ေပ။ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ visible signal ေၾကာင့္ မီး ေလာင္ေနေၾကာင္းသိႏုိင္သည္။
(၃)	Persons having impaired hearing can see the visible portion of the alarm signals. (နားမၾကားသူမ်ား အလင္းေရာင္ေၾကာင့္ (STB) မီးေလာင္ေနေၾကာင္းသိႏုိင္သည္။)

 combined signals ကိရိယာမ်ားရႏုိင္သည္ (all voltages up to line voltage.ျဖင့္အသုံးျပဳႏုိင္သည္။) Twenty-four volt dc units are the most prevalent. Polarized versions facilitate line monitoring. Two or four-wire connected types permit application of either a common or separate power supply.သီးသန္႔ power supply ျဖင့္ အသုံးျပဳႏုိင္သည္။ ဝါယာႀကိဳးႏွစ္ေခ်ာင္း သုိ႔မဟုတ္ ဝါယာႀကိဳး (၄)ေခ်ာင္းျဖင့္ တပ္ဆင္ႏုိင္သည္။ Combination appliances မ်ားကုိ အေဆာက္အဦတစ္ခုလုံး၌ ေနရာအႏွံ႔အျပားတြင္ တပ္ဆင္ထားရန္ မလုိအပ္ေပ။ Fire alarm system designers (following the requirements in Chapter 18 of NFPA 72-2010) မ်ားသည္ visible appliance မ်ားကုိ ဦးစြာေနရာခ်ၿပီးမွ the audible appliance မ်ားကုိေနရာခ်သည္။ both audible ႏွင့္  visible appliances တပ္ဆင္ (ႏွစ္မ်ိဳးလုံး)ထားသည့္ေနရာမ်ားကုိ combine unit တဲြ၍ တပ္ဆင္ႏုိင္သည္။

Fire Alarm Control Units (Panel

 fire alarm control unit ၏အဓိကတာဝန္သည္ signal မ်ားကုိ processing လုပ္ၿပီး (initiat-ing devices မ်ားရ ရိွသည့္) သင့္ေလ်ာ္သည့္ output signals ထုတ္ေပးရန္ ျဖစ္သည္။ (notification appliances မ်ားႏွင့္ off-premises supervising station ဆီသုိ႔) ေယဘုယ်အားျဖင့္ control unit မ်ားသည္ microprocessor (similar to a computer) မ်ားျဖစ္ၾကသည္။ အလုိရိွသည့္ အတုိင္းျဖစ္ေအာင္ Program လုပ္ႏုိင္သည္။ 2010 edition of the National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code အရ a detector be installed to provide protection of the fire alarm control unit in accordance with Chapter 10. This requirement for smoke detection applies to any remote power supplies or NAC extenders as well. (ambient conditions) အရ automatic smoke detection တပ္ဆင္ရန္ မျဖစ္ႏုိင္လ်ွင္ automatic heat detection ကိရိယာမ်ား တပ္ဆင္ထားႏုိင္သည္။

In addition, where connected to a supervising station, fire alarm systems employing automatic fire detectors or waterflow detection devices shall include a manual fire alarm box to initiate a signal to the supervising station. This is intended to provide a backup means to manually activate the fire alarm system when the automatic fire detection system or waterflow devices are out of service due to maintenance or testing, or where human discovery of the fire precedes automatic sprinkler system or automatic detec-tion system activation.

Fire alarm system မ်ားကုိ configuration အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးျဖင့္ ေတြ႔ျမင္ႏုိင္သည္။

(၁)	Conventional
(၂)	Addressable ႏွင့္
(၃)	Analog/Addressable (sometimes called “intelligent” system) တုိ႔ျဖစ္သည္။

Conventional systems မ်ားကုိ အေသးစား အေဆာက္အဦး (small buildings)မ်ားတြင္ တပ္ဆင္ ေလ့ရိွသည္။ (အေဆာက္အဦေသးငယ္သျဖင့္ မည္သည့္ ေနရာမွ alarm ထုတ္သည္ကုိ ခဲြျခားရန္) point identification of the device in alarm လုပ္ရန္ မလုိအပ္ေပ။ Addressable fire alarm systems မ်ားကုိ ႀကီးမားသည့္ အေဆာက္အဦမ်ားတြင္ တပ္ဆင္ေလ့ရိွသည္။ Add FIRE ALARM SYSTEM  မွ alarm မ်ား ထြက္ေပၚသည့္အခါ မည္သည့္ေနရာတြင္ တပ္ဆင္ထားသည့္ မည္သည့္ကိရိယာ မွ alarm active ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း အတိအက် သိႏုိင္သည္။

Addressable and Analog/Addressable fire alarm systems are designed to identify the device that has been actuated. Analog/Addressable detec¬tors မ်ား၏ sensitivity levels,ကုိ အလုိရိွသလုိ ခ်ိန္ညိွႏုိင္သည္။ depending on the environment that the detector is to be installed within.(detector တပ္ဆင္ထားသည့္ ပတ္ဝန္းက်င္ အေျခအေနႏွင့္ ကုိက္ညီေအာင္)

These systems will also indicate when a device is approaching an alarm state due to contamination and will allow the sensitivity of analog smoke detectors to be individually set at the fire alarm control unit. complex systems မ်ားကုိခက္ခဲစြာ programming လုပ္ရန္ လုိသည္။ specialized maintenance ျပဳလုပ္ရန္လုိ သည္။ စနစ္တက် ေသခ်ာစြာ တပ္ဆင္ၿပီးပါက ပုိ၍တည္ၿငိမ္သည္။

Remote Annunciation

Annunciation is designed to direct the respond-ing fire department to the fire location. Because of this important function, the fire department should always be consulted as to the accept¬able labeling of the zones or point identification supplied by the fire alarm control unit. annunciators အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးကဲြျပားသည္။  complexity of the building or area to be described. ႏွင္ တုိ႔ကုိလုိက္၍ (most common )အသုံးမ်ား သည့္နည္းမ်ားမွာ

(၁)	Point lighted
(၂)	Alpha-numeric
(၃)	Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
(၄)	Point-lit graphic ႏွင့္
(၅)	Back-lit graphic တုိ႔ျဖစ္သည္။

Battery Standby Power

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM မ်ားအတြက္ လ်ွပ္စစ္ဓာတ္အားလုိအပ္သည္။ Batter မ်ားကုိ အရန္လ်ွပ္စစ္ဓာတ္အား second power supply) အျဖစ္ အသုံးျပဳၾကသည္။

Batteries are used to supply the fire alarm system with the required amount of secondary (standby) power. Most fire alarm systems that are connected to a central station must have 24 hours of battery standby power with an addi-tional amount of power to operate the notifica-tion appliances for 5 minutes. အကယ္၍voice evacua-tion system တပ္ဆင္ထားလ်ွင္15 minutes of alarm power is required.ရရိွ ရန္လုိအပ္သည္။

ဘက္ထရီ အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးရိွသည့္အနက္ အသုံးမ်ားသည္ အမ်ိဳးအစားမ်ားမွာ

•           Sealed gelled electrolyte

•           Sealed lead acid

•           Sealed lead calcium ႏွင့္

•           Sealed nickel cadmium တုိ႔ျဖစ္သည္။

တခ်ိဳ႕ေသာ အေဆာက္အဦမ်ားတြင္ standby power ကုိ generator မွ ထုတ္ေပးသည္။ generator မွ လ်ွပ္စစ္ဓာတ္အားကုိ အသုံးျပဳလ်ွင္ (၄) နာရီခံရမည္။

Battery Calculations တပ္ဆင္ထားသည့္ သုိ႔မဟုတ္ တပ္ဆင္အသုံးျပဳမည့္ ဘက္ထရီသည္ (fire alarm system) လုိအပ္သည့္ (standby power) ထုတ္ေပးႏိုင္မႈ ရိွမရိွ စစ္ေဆးရန္လုိအပ္သည္။ National Fire Alarm and Signaling Codeအရ  (ဘက္ထရီႏွင့္ခ်ိတ္ဆက္ထားသည့္ ကိရိယာမ်ားအားလုံး)  After everything that will be connected to fire alarm control panel ႏွင့္ control panel ၏အရြယ္အစားကုိ သိလ်ွင္သုံးစဲြမည့္ (amount of standby power required can be calculated.)လ်ွပ္စစ္စြမ္းအင္ကုိတြက္ယူႏုိင္သည္။

“T” Tap Diagram

It is not expected that the system reviewer will actually calculate the amount of battery standby. It is enough for you to know that it can be done. Your responsibility is to ask for these calcula¬tions and be able to review them for complete¬ness.

Fire Alarm System Secondary Battery-set Calculation Worksheet (Work sheet ထည့္ရန္)္

A typical battery calculation could look like the following:

Fire Safety Control Functions

Elevator recall automatic door unlocking door hold-open ႏွင့္ smoke damper စသည္တုိ႔သည္ fire safety control functions မ်ားျဖစ္ၾကသည္။ အေဆာက္အဦအတြင္း ရိွေနသူမ်ား ပုိလုံၿခံဳေစရန္၊ မီးေဘးအႏၲရာယ္မွ ကင္းေဝးေစရန္ လုပ္ေပးသည့္ လုပ္ငန္းမွန္သမ်ွကုိ fire safety control function ဟုေခၚသည္။ fire safety control function မ်ား အားလုံးသည္ fire alarm control unit ႏွင့္ အျပန္အလွန္ခ်ိတ္ဆက္ထားသည္။ interconnections between the fire safety control function and the fire alarm control unit are monitored for integri¬ty unless the operation of the fire safety control function is connected in a fail-safe fashion. (အေသးစိတ္လုိအပ္ခ်က္မ်ားကုိ) fire safety func¬tions ၏ Chapter 23 of the National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code. NFPA 2010 တြင္ ဖတ္ရႈေလ့လာ ႏုိင္သည္။          

Fire Alarm System Wiring

The National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code အရ fire alarm system ၏ wiring မ်ားသည္ ျပည့္စုံ (integrity) ျဖစ္ရမည္။ function may be accomplished in one of two ways. con  ventional system မ်ားတြင္ a small amount of current သည္ ဝါယာ(wire) မ်ားကုိ ျဖတ္သန္း၍ ေနာက္ဆုံး Dev သုိ႔ေရာက္ရိွသည္။ end of the line resistor ကုိျဖတ္၍ fire alarm control unit ဆီသုိ႔ ျပန္ေရာက္လာသည္။ ေနာက္ဆုံး Dev နားတြင္ EOL တပ္ဆင္ထား သည္။  To achieve continu¬ity of the monitoring, no branch circuits (called “T-tapping” – see figure below) are permitted in conventional systems. addressable analog addressable systems မ်ားတြင္ con- nection devices မ်ားသည္ interrogated ျဖစ္သည္။if they answer the fire alarm control unit, then they are connected and the wiring is obviously intact.

Conventional system မ်ားတြင္ continuity မျပတ္ေစရန္အတြက္ branch circuit ထုတ္ခြင့္ မျပဳပါ။ T topping ထုတ္ခြင့္ မျပဳပါ။ ပုံတြင္ ျပထားသည္။

Fire Alarm System

 classes of wiring configurations အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳး သို႔မဟုတ္ path-ways ကုိ Chapter 12 Circuits and Pathway တြင္ ေဖာ္ျပထားသည္။Pathways မ်ားကုိ Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, Class E, or Class X, ဟူ၍ performance ကုိလိုက္၍ အဆင့္ အမ်ိဳး မ်ိဳးခဲြျခားထားသည္။ This chapter also deals with Pathway Survivability.

NFPA 72 မွ အသုံးျပဳခြင့္ေပးထားသည့္ ဝါယာမ်ားကုိ Circuit Integrity (CI) Cable ဟု ေခၚသည္။ 2010 National Electrical and Signaling Code တြင္ FIRE ALARM SYSTEM  အတြက္ သုံးႏုိင္ေၾကာင္း ေဖာ္ျပထားသည္။ This cable had been designed to continue functioning during a fire up to the melting point of copper. Its use will cause the fire alarm circuits to meet the survivability requirements of the National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code.

National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code ကုိ လုိက္နာရန္ လိုအပ္သည့္အျပင္ wiring တပ္ဆင္မႈမ်ား အားလုံးသည္ NFPA 70-2009, the National Electrical Code ကုိ လုိ္က္နာရမည္။ Article 760-8 of NFPA 70-2009 အရ “fire alarm circuits shall be stalled in a neat and workmanlike manner. Cables shall be supported by the building structure in such a manner that the cable will not be damaged by normal build¬ing use.” တုိ႔အျပင္ Article 760-10 states “Fire alarm circuits shall be identified at terminal and junction locations, in a manner that will prevent unintentional interference with the signaling circuit during testing and servicing.”

The following additional requirements are based on the National Electrical Code (NEC):

•           All cable must be Listed for the purpose

•           fire alarm system မ်ားတြင္အသုံးျပသည့္ ဝါယာႀကိဳးမ်ား

•           Where system wires pass through floors of fire rated walls, the installation shall be made to prevent the spread of fire from floor to floor.

•           အနည္းဆုံး 6 inches of free conductor လုိအပ္သည္။ electrical box တုိင္းတြင္ (terminations လုပ္ရန္ အတြက္

•           All wiring shall be terminated with Listed devices such as wire nuts, pressure connectors or terminals. Electrical tape covering connections မ်ားအသုံးျပဳခြင့္ မရိွေပ။

In addition, the following are recommended:

•           fire alarm system တြင္ ပါဝင္သည့္ ဝါယာႀကိဳး တပ္ဆင္မႈတုိ႔သည္ local wiring requirements ႏွင့္ကုိက္ ညီရမည္။

•           initiating device မ်ား အားလုံး notification appliance ႏွင့္ signaling line circuits မ်ားအားလုံး grounds က်ျခင္းႏွင့္ short circuits ျဖစ္ျခင္း မရိွေစရ။

•           The manufacturer will specify the maximum allowable loop resistance allowed on each circuit to be connected to the control unit. This loop resistance must not be exceeded.

Annex G within NFPA 72 contains the outline of each section of Article 760 of the National Electrical Code that states the requirements for the installation of fire alarm systems. The instal-lation wiring must comply with Article 760 as well as the referenced sections of Chapter 3 of NEC.

Fire alarm system မ်ားတြင္ ဝါယာႀကိဳးတပ္ဆင္ျခင္း နည္း(၂) မ်ိဳးကုိ အသုံးျပဳႏုိင္သည္။

•           Power Limited ႏွင့္

•           Non-Power Limited တုိ႔ျဖစ္သည္။

power limited fire alarm systems ကုိ အသုံးျပဳျခင္းေၾကာင့္ ရရိွႏုိင္သည့္ အားသာခ်က္မွာ wiring may run ex¬posed where it is not subject to physical dam¬age ျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။ The requirements for both power limited and non-power limited wiring configurations are contained in Article 760 of the NEC. low voltage (12VDC or 24VDC) fire alarm system သည္ power limited မျဖစ္ႏုိင္ေပ။ manufacturer ႏွင့္ listing process မ်ားက fire alarm system circuit တစ္ခုသည္  power limited ျဖစ္ရမည္။ျဖစ္ရန္မလုိဟုဆုံးျဖတ္ေပးသည္။

Circuit သည္ non-power limited ျဖစ္လ်ွင္ wiring သည္လည္း non-power limited wiring configurations ျဖစ္ ရ မည္။ သုိ႔မဟုတ္ wiring methods described in Chapter 3 of the NEC.

Fire Alarm Systems အမ်ိဳးအစားမ်ား

com-mercial and industrial fire alarm systems မ်ားကုိ (၆)မ်ိဳးခဲြျခားထားသည္။ central station ၊ protected premises (local) ၊  auxiliary ၊ Remote Supervising Station ၊ Proprietary Super-vising Station and emergency voice/alarm com-munication အေျခခံအခ်က္ (basic features) မ်ားတူညီၾကသည္။ Each has alarm initiating device circuits that provide a means of interconnecting the fire alarm control unit with manual fire alarm boxes ၊ waterflow – actuated alarm initiating devices ၊ automatic fire detectors ၊ or other fire alarm initiating devices. control unit မ်ားအတြက္ primary (main) power supply ႏွင့္ secondary (standby) power supply ႏွစ္မ်ိဳးေးပို႕ထားရမည္။

Protected premises (local) fire alarm systems and emergency voice/alarm communication systems မ်ားအတြက္ တစ္ခုထက္ပိုမ်ားသည့္ notification appli-ance circuits ပါဝင္ရမည္။audible ႏွင့္ visible alarm notification appliances မ်ား fire alarm control unit တုိ႔ကုိခ်ိတ္ဆက္ထားရမည္။ alarm notification appli-ances မ်ားသည္ ကာကြယ္ေပးရမည့္ ေနရာ၊ အခန္း မီးေလာင္ကၽြမ္းေနလ်ွင္လူမ်ားအား အသိေပးရမည္။ကာကြယ္ေပး ရမည့္ ဥစၥာပစၥည္းမ်ားကုိလုိက္၍ audible or visible alarm notification appliances may consist of bells, horns, sirens, chimes, loudspeakers, strobe lights, annunciators, punch tape registers, alpha – numeric printers or digital displays on a visual display unit တုိ႔ကိုအသုံးျပဳႏုိင္သည္။

အျပန္အလွန္ခ်ိတ္ဆက္ထားသည့္ (signaling line circuits ႏွင့္) (fire alarm con-trol unit ႏွင့္ ခ်ိတ္ဆက္) (supervising station ပါရိွသည့္) monitors the signals from the fire alarm system include အတြက္

(၁)	Central Station
(၂)	Proprietary Supervising Station
(၃)	Remote Supervising Station ႏွင့္
(၄)	Auxiliary တုိ႔ျဖစ္သည္။

ေယဘုယ်အားျဖင့္ fire alarm systems and emergency voice/alarm communication sys-tems တုိ႔သည္ life safety protection မီးေလာင္ေနစဥ္ လူမ်ားအားေဘးအႏၲရာယ္ကင္းေဝးရာသုိ႔ လြတ္ေျမာက္ေအာင္ ညြန္ၾကား ေပးသည္။ (notifying occupants to evacuate or relocate during a fire emergency.) Such systems may provide property protection by notifying members of the guard force of a local fire brigade of the need to respond to the location of a fire.

central station ၊ auxiliary ၊ Remote Supervising Station ႏွင့္ Proprietary Supervising Station system တုိ႔ သည္ မီးသတ္ဌာနသုိ႔ အေၾကာင္းၾကားေပးသည္။ (property protection by summoning the public fire department.) Propri-etary Supervising Station systems may also sum-mon the local private fire brigade or emergency response team. These systems may provide life safety protection if they have an interface to a protected premises fire alarm system or emer-gency voice/alarm communication system.

Protected Premises Fire Alarm System

 protected premises fire alarm system ၏ အဓိက ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္မွာ sound local alarm signals for evacuation of the protected building ျဖစ္သည္။

A system could be limited to the basic features indicated earlier. protected premises system ၏ stand by power supply သည္ operate the system အနည္းဆုံး(၂၄) နာရီ ၾကာရွည္ခံရမည္။ minimum 24 hrs ပုံမွန္အေျခအေန (under normal load) တြင္ alarm system သည္ မီးေလာင္ေနသည့္အေျခအေန (alarm condition.) တြင္ (၅)မိနစ္ ခံရမည္။

protected premises fire alarm system တြင္ မီးသတ္ဌာန (fire department.)ဆီသုိ႔ အလုိအေလ်ာက္ alarm ထုတ္ေပးရန္မလိုအပ္ေပ။ အကယ္၍ မီးစတင္ေလာင္ကၽြမ္းခဲ့ရင္ (alarm sounds,)  the fire department ဆီသုိ႔ တစ္ နည္းနည္္းျဖင့္ အေၾကာင္းၾကားေပးရမည္။ အေဆာက္အဦး၌လူမရိွသည့္ အခ်ိန္တြင္ မီးေလာင္လ်ွင္ (unoc-cupied) fire department response would depend upon a neighbor or passerby hearing the audible fire alarm signaling appliance and notifying the department.

Emergency Voice/Alarm

Communication System

Communication system သည္ မီးေဘးလုံၿခံဳသည့္ေနရာကုိ ေရြးခ်ယ္ရန္၊ လူမ်ားကုိထုိေနရာသုိ႔ ေရႊ႕ေျပာင္းရန္ လုိအပ္သည့္ ညြန္ၾကားခ်က္မ်ားကုိ ေၾကျငာေပးရန္ျဖစ္သည္။ standby power supply 24 hrs အသုံးျပဳႏုိင္ရမည္။ (followed by 15 minutes of operation during an alarm) voice communication system မ်ား၏ အထူးလုိအပ္ခ်က္မ်ား (special requirements)  NFPA 72, the National Fire Alarm and Signal-ing Code တြင္ ေဖာ္ျပထားသည္။ survivability of the sys-tem ႏွင့္ သက္ဆုိင္သည့္ အခ်က္မ်ားလည္း ပါဝင္သည္။  ေၾကျငာႏုိင္သည့္ဇုန္(paging zone)တစ္ခု မီးေလာင္ကၽြမ္းျခင္းခံရေသာေၾကာင့္ ပ်က္စီးသြား ေသာေၾကာင့္ (communication)  အားလုံး ပ်က္ေတာက္သြားျခင္းမ်ိဳး မျဖစ္ေစရ။

The voice/alarm system တြင္ အေဆာက္အဦတစ္ခုလုံး၏ ေနရာအႏွံ႕အျပားတြင္တပ္ဆင္ထားသည့္ (speaker) ပါဝင္သည္။ Speaker မ်ားကုိ (fire alarm communication console ႏွင့္ခ်ိတ္ဆက္ထားၿပီး) building fire command station မွ individual speaker zones သုိ႔မဟုတ္ the entire building ဆီသုိ႔ voice messages မ်ားေပး ပုိ႔ႏုိင္သည္။ give specific instructions to the occupants. တခ်ိဳ႕ေသာ systems မ်ားတြင္ fire warden stations မ်ားပါဝင္သည္။ (အထပ္တုိင္း သို႔မဟုတ္  fire zones) တုိင္းအတြက္  fire warden မ်ားသည္ သူတုိ႔ႏွင့္ သက္ဆုိင္သည့္(local command)ႏွင့္ pass on specific evacuation instructions. မ်ား ေၾကာ္ျငာေပးသည္။ fire command station မ်ားကုိ မီးသတ္သမားမ်ား မေရာကခင္အခ်ိန္အထိ ေလ့က်င့္ သင္ၾကားထားသည့္ အေဆာက္အဦမွ ဝန္ထမ္း မ်ားက အသုံးျပဳသည္။ လုိအပ္သည္မ်ား ေဆာင္ရြက္ေပးသည္။ မီးသတ္သမားမ်ား ေရာက္ရိွ လာပါက မီးသတ္အရာရိွ မ်ား က ဆက္လက္လုပ္ကိုင္သည္။ မီးသတ္လုပ္ငန္းမ်ား၊ ကယ္ဆယ္ေရးလုပ္ငန္းမ်ား)

တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ အေဆာက္အဦအတြင္းရိွ လူမ်ားအားလုံးကုိ ကယ္ထုတ္ရန္၊ ျပင္ပသုိ႔ လြတ္ေျမာက္ေစရန္ မျဖစ္ႏုိင္ေပ။ ထုိအခါ voice communication system ကုိ အသုံးျပဳ၍ (complete building evacuation) လူမ်ား မေၾကာက္လန္႔ေစရန္ လုုိအပ္လ်ွင္အျခားတစ္ေနရာသုိ႔ ေရႊ႕ေျပာင္းႏုိင္ရန္ စသည့္အခ်က္မ်ားကုိ ဆက္လက္ညြန္ ၾကား ေပးသည္။NFPA 72-2010 requires that the notifica-tion appliances circuits မ်ားသည္ survivabili¬ty characteristics ႏွင့္ဆက္လက္အလုပ္လုပ္ေနရန္လိုအပ္သည္။ (မီးေလာင္ေနစဥ္အတြင္း) လုိအပ္ခ်က္မ်ားကုိ တစ္နည္း သုိ႔မဟုတ္ အျခားနည္းတစ္မ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးကုိ သုံး၍ျပည့္စုံေစႏိုင္သည္။ installing the cable serving the notification circuits in a 2-hour shaft of in a stairwell in a completely sprinklered building သုိ႔မဟုတ္ through the use of Circuit Integrity (CI) cable or other 2-hour rated cable installed in a raceway. အဓိကရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္မွာ voice communication system ကုိ မီးေလာင္ေနစဥ္အခ်ိန္အတြက္ ဆက္လက္အသုံးျပဳႏုိင္ ရန္ ျဖစ္သည္။

Com Sys မွေၾကျငာေနသည့္ ညြန္ၾကားခ်က္မ်ားကုိ  သာမန္လူမ်ားအလြယ္တကူနားလည္ႏုိင္ေအာင္စီမံထားရမည္။

72 recommends that a Speech Transmission Index (STI) of 0.7 be achieved within a space. a voice evacuation system ကုိ စီစဥ္သည့္အခါ designer သည္Acoustically Distinguishable Spaces (ADS) ကုိအသုံးျပဳ ရမည္။ Each ADS shall then be identified as requiring or not requiring voice intelligibility. A new Annex D in NFPA 72 provides useful informa-tion on this subject.

မီးစတင္ေလာင္ကၽြမ္းေနေၾကာင္း အသိေပးႏိုင္သည့္ အထိေရာက္ဆုံးနည္းမွာ

Central Station Service

(most effective means) ဗဟုိမီးသတ္ (Central Sta-tion Service.)သုိ႔အေၾကာင္းၾကားျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။ A fire alarm system for central station service သည္ signals ကုိလက္ခံရန္ ဒီဇုိင္းလုပ္ထားသည္။ (protected premise မွ) constantly attended location operated in accordance with UL (Un-derwriters Laboratories Inc) or FMRC (Factory Mutual Research Corporation) standards; by a company whose purpose is providing central station service.

ယခင္ခ်ိန္က signals မ်ားကုိေပးပို႔ရန္ (transmit) အတြက္ (protected premises မွ ) tradition-al direct-current-coded circuits ကုိအသုံးျပဳသည္။ (McCulloh circuits) သုိ႔မဟုတ္ by means of three types of multiplex signaling systems ကုိအသုံးျပဳႏုိင္သည္။

 (most common)ယခုအခါအသုံးမ်ားသည့္ နည္းသည္ way today is by means of digital alarm communicator systems ျဖစ္သည္။

(က)  two-way radio fre-quency (RF) ကုိအသုံးျပဳသည့္ multiplex communications sys-tems

(ခ) by means of a combination of single-line digital alarm communicator transmitter ႏွင့္ one-way RF       .     transmitter system

(ဂ)  by means of a one-way RF communications system.

CSS သည္ fire alarm signals ရရိွသည့္အခါ operators at the central station သည္ public fire service communications center သုိ႔ထပ္မံထုတ္လြတ္သည္။ အခ်ိဳ႕ေသာႏုိင္ငံမ်ားတြင္ public fire service communica tions center သည္ central station အစိတ္အပိုင္းတစ္ခုျဖစ္သည္။ ထုိ္႔ေၾကာင့္ the central station to dispatch fire fighting equipment directly.) In addition, the central station either directly of through a sub¬contractor provides emergency runner response to the various signals received. The central sta¬tion တြင္ခ်ိဳ႕ယြင္း ခ်က္၊ ပ်က္ျခင္း စသည္တုိ႔ျဖစ္ေပၚပါက ကၽြမ္းက်င္သည့္ ျပဳျပင္သူသည္ ေလးနာရီအတြင္းေရာက္ရိွရမည္။

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM  မ်ားအတြက္လုိအပ္ေသာ power supply a minimum of 24-hour standby operation ရရိွေအာင္ျပဳလုပ္ထား ရမည္။ rechargeable batteries မ်ားကုိ အသုံးျပဳ၍ The standby power supply at the central station must supply energy to operate the system for 24 hours. standby supply သည္ (central station အတြက္) rech- argeable batteries ၊ a combination of a single-engine-driven genera¬tor (with a trained person on duty 24 hours a day) ႏွင့္ 4-hour capacity rechargeable batteries, or multiple-engine-driven generators တုိ႔ ျဖစ္သည္။The high level of system security and personnel response or central station service is most often employed by high-valued facilities, such as those commer¬cial and industrial properties insured under the highly protected risk (HPR) property insurance plan. ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ central station systems သည္ prop¬erty protection လုပ္ငန္းအတြက္ မရိွမျဖစ္အရာျဖစ္သည္။

Central station systems သည္ fire alarms ၊ supervisory signals ၊ guard patrol tours ႏွင့္ trouble signals တုိ႔ ကုိ central station သည္ fire protection systems, such as automatic sprinkler systems or special-hazard fire extinguishing systems တုိ႔ကုိ ႀကီးၾကပ္ညြန္ၾကား (Supervise) ေပးနိင္စြမ္းရိွသည္။ ဥပမာ- central station system သည္ position of an automatic sprinkler system control valve adds significantly to the overall management capabil-ity of a building fire protection system.

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM မ်ားကုိ အသုံးျပဳမည့္ ဝန္ထမ္းမ်ားကုိ ေကာင္းစြာ ေလ့က်င့္သင္ၾကားေပးရန္ အလြန္ အေရးႀကီးသည္။

(၁)	Certified by the manufacturer of the receiving system or equipment or the alarm-monitoring automation system
(၂)	Certified by an organization acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction
(၃)	Licensed or certified by a state or local authority
(၄)	Other training or certification approved by the authority having jurisdiction.

Proprietary Supervising Station System

Proprietary Supervising Station fire alarm system မ်ားကို အသုံးျပဳၾကသည္။ ႀကီးမားသည့္အေဆာက္အဦး ႏွင့္ စက္ရံုုမ်ားတြင္ (large commercial or industrial occupancies.)

(Signals သည္) Proprietary Supervis-ing Station system မွထုတ္လြတ္သည့္ Proprietary Supervising Station ကလက္ခံရယူၿပီးေနာက္ မွတ္တမ္းတင္ထားသည္။ (protected premises သို႔မဟုတ္ another lo¬cation of the property owner ေနရာတြင္ တပ္ဆင္ထားသည့္) တစ္နည္းအားျဖင့္ Proprietary Supervising Station system သည္ central station system တစ္ခုျဖစ္သည္။ (with the central sta¬tion located at the protected premises. )

A modern central station service office

Many Proprietary Supervising Station systems တြင္ (သီးသန္႔ initiating device circuits ပါရိွသည္။) (building zone သို႔မဟုတ္ subsection တစ္ခုတုိင္းအတြက္) Proprietary Supervising Station systems မ်ားတြင္ (larger buildings မ်ား၏) signal multiplexing ႏွင့္္ built-in micro-processor systems ပါရိွသည္။ These systems receive all signals from the building over one or more pairs of wires, and determine the exact location of the fire by use of different frequencies of digitally coded informa¬tion transmitted over the conductors.

Large Proprietary Supervising Station Multiplex ႏွင့္ computer-controlled systems မ်ားသည္ indicate fire alarms to the op-erator ႏွင့္ sound an alarm စသည္တုိ႔ထက္ ပိုမ်ားသည့္အလုပ္မ်ားကုိ လုပ္ေဆာင္ေပးႏုိင္သည္။ These systems often provide for smoke control within the building by automatically closing and opening damp  ers in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems and turning on exhaust fans. They also may adjust elevator controls so that elevators bypass fire floor and are automatically routed to the lobby floor for fire department use.

Flexibility ျဖစ္ရံုသာမက multiplexing signals ကိုအသုံးျပဳျခင္းေၾကာင့္ အေဆာက္အဦအတြင္း၌ လုိအပ္သည့္ ဝါယာ ႀကိဳး သြယ္တန္းမႈမ်ားကို ေလ်ာ့ခ်ႏုိင္သည္။

Proprietary Supervision Station controls units are required to transmit alarm and trouble signals to the Proprietary Supervising Station. The control unit at the Proprietary Supervis¬ing Station, as well as remotely located control equipment, must have a secondary power supply

that will operate the system for a minimum of 24 hrs of normal signal traffic plus five minutes in alarm. Since operators are constantly on duty with a Proprietary Supervising Station system, 24 hrs of standby is considered sufficient.

Remote Supervising Station System

A Remote Supervising Station fire alarm system has an alarm signal that is received at a remote location, acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction, which is attended by trained personnel 24 hours a day.

The receiving equipment usually is located at a public fire service communications center, police station, or telephone answering service. The signal is transmitted over a leased telephone line or by means of a digital alarm communicator system (DACS), and in indicated audibly and visually at the Remote Supervising Station. If the Remote Supervising Station is not at the public fire service communications center, the Remote Supervising Station personnel must notify the center of an alarm. System trouble signals usu-ally are transmitted automatically to the remote receiving station. The control unit at the Re¬mote Supervising Station, and, if needed, at the protected premises, also is required to have an independent secondary power supply that will operate the system for a minimum of 24 hrs, followed by 5 minutes of alarm. The protected premises of a Remote Supervising Station system may or may not have an evacuation system. Supervisory signals may be sent to the Remote Supervising Station receiving the alarm signal or the supervisory signals may be transmitted to a different Remote Supervising Station.

In the 2010 Edition of NFPA 72, allows three ways for Remote Supervising Station fire alarm systems to comply with the Code:

1. An affidavit attesting to the responsibilities and qualifications of the parties perform ing the inspection, testing and maintenance and accepting responsibility of compliance to the testing requirements of the Code.

2.         Documentation indicating code compliance of the remote station fire alarm system issued by the organization that listed the service provider, such as UL, FM or ETL,

and

3.         Other documentation acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).

Auxiliary Systems

An auxiliary fire alarm system has circuitry that connects a building’s fire alarm initiating device(s) to a public fire reporting system in-stalled in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 72-2010 Chapter 27, Public Emergency Alarm Reporting Systems. This is done either through a nearby master fire alarm box, a dedi-cated telephone line run directly to the public fire communication center switchboard, or by long range radio

The signal received by the fire department is the same received when someone manually actu¬ates the municipal fire alarm box. Because fire department personnel know which municipal boxes are part of the municipal system, respond-ing fire fighters may be able to check for an alarm originating within the protected premises from an annunciator at the municipal box.

Codes and Standards

 fire alarm installations သည္လုိုက္နာရန္ စည္းမ်ဥ္းစည္းကမ္း၊ ဥပေဒမ်ားႏွင့္ ျပည့္ေနသည့္ System ျဖစ္သည္။ low volt-age systems မ်ားအနက္ This regulation takes the form as codes and standards.

In new construction, the building and/or fire code in force will reference the applicable NFPA standards and codes. Fire alarm system installa-tions in existing buildings are often not exempt from building code requirements.

Depending on the state that the system is to be installed in, the building or fire code may require that a registered professional engineer, qualified in the field, design and affix his or her engineering registration stamp to all design drawings.

In all cases, fire alarm systems must, be installed in compliance with the applicable requirement of the National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code NFPA 72, and the National Electrical Code NFPA 70. Many installers assume that when the customer only wants partial protection or cannot afford complete protection that the codes and standards do not have to be followed. In fire alarm systems installations, regardless of the amount of coverage intended, all devices and appliances still must be installed in compli-ance with the minimum requirements of the applicable codes and standards. NFPA 72-2010 mandates that all systems required by some other code or not, meet the requirements of the National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code.

The Building Codes and listed Central Station Service

The Building code requirement many automatic fire alarm systems to be connected to a moni-toring facility. central station, Proprietary Supervising Station or remote supervising station connection တုိ႔မွအ နည္းဆုံး တစ္ခုႏွင့္ခ်ိတ္ဆက္ (connect) လုပ္ထားရမည္။ In some jurisdictions, an auxiliary system connection is required. monitoring connections must be installed in accordance with the reference NFPA code or standard. This means that the Remote Supervising Station connection point must be authorized by the local fire department. It also means that all central station connections must provide Listed Central Station Service as required by Chapter 26 of the 2010 edition National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code.

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM  ႏွင့္ သက္ဆုိင္သည့္အဖဲြ႔အစည္း ႏွစ္ခုမွာNational Fire Protection Association (NFPA) ႏွင့္ International Code Conference (ICC) တုိ႔ျဖစ္သည္။

Requirement	Listed Central Station Service	Remote Station*	Auxiliary Fire Alarm
24 hour personnel	Y	Y	Y
Constantly attended – 2 people	Y	N	N
Standby systems required	Y	N	N
HVAC system supplied by emergency generator	Y	N	N
Emergency lighting required	Y	N	Y
Restricted access to supervising station	Y	N	Y
Protected telephone lines	Y	N	N
“Class A” building construction or protected by automatic sprinkler system	Y	N	N
Premises fire alarm system service response required	4 Hours	N	N
Response to protected premises to reset fire alarm system	2 Hours	N	N
NRTL approved monitoring equipment	Y	N	N
“Threshold” requirements for supervising station equipment computerization	Y	N	N
Redundant equipment required at supervising station	Y	N	N
30 second switchover to redundant equipment at supervising station	Y	N	N
NRTL inspection of staffing	Y	N	N

* Where permitted by the authority having jurisdiction, alarm, supervisory, and trouble signals shall be permitted to be received at an alternate location approved by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ). A listed central station might be considered an acceptable alternate location for receipt of fire alarm, supervisory, and trouble signals.

The ICC was formed through the merging of three regional code making organizations:

•           BOCA National Building Code, published by the Building Officials and Code Administrators (BOCA), is used primarily in the U.S. East of the Mississippi River.

•           Standard Building Code, published by the Southern Building Code Congress Inter- national (SBCCI), is used primarily in the South and Southwestern United States.

•           Uniform Building Code, published by the international Conference of Building Officials (ICBO), is primarily used in the U.S. West of the Mississippi River.

The ICC publishes the following model codes:

•           International Building Code

•           International Fire Code

•           International Mechanical Code

•           International Residential Code

The NFPA publishes the following model codes:

•           NFPA 1 Fire Code

•           NFPA 70 National Electrical Code

•           NFPA 101 Life Safety Code

•           NFPA 5000 Building Construction and Safety Code

The requirements for fire alarm systems in newly constructed or renovated buildings

are contained in each of these model building codes. All new fire alarm systems are normally installed under a building permit that incorpo¬rates certain other requirements (designed by a professional engineer, stamped drawings, etc.).

A check with the authority having jurisdiction should be made prior to the start of a project to see which model codes have been adopted and the dates of the applicable editions. A check should also be made to see if any local amend-ments have been made to a particular model code.